Lack of heir:
Oscar II became King of Sweden and Norway because his brother Carl XV died leaving no son to succeed him. (Okay, it might fall under the category Mother nature, because Carl XV had a son (Carl Oscar) who died of pneumonia at the age of 15 months.)
And pneumonia (or was it influenza?) was precisely what killed Prince Albert Victor ("Eddy"), the Duke of Clarence who was born second and direct in the British royal succession -- just like Prince William Duke of Cambridge.
Of course, the throne passed to the king's brother because of the Salic law operating in Sweden at the time. When succession is restricted to the male line, then one certainly reduces the number of potential heirs.
Poor Prince Carl Oscar got the measles. He was ordered cold baths by his doctors, which led to the pneumonia that killed him. He would probably have been better off without doctors...
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