The french succession law considered that any prince called to reign in a foreign country would loose his rights to the throne on the grounds of pérégrinité .
It happened with Felipe V (Bourbon) called to reign in Spain, and with Gaston, count of Eu, married to the Emperor of Brazil's daughter and heiress.
The cases of Felipe and Gaston are purely hypothetical. There was never a time when either was heir and was passed over.
There are, however, several examples in French history when a prince who reigned in a foreign country became heir. In every single one of those cases, the prince actually did succeed to the French throne and was not passed over.
In 1573 Henri, duc d'Orléans, younger brother and heir apparent of King Charles IX, was elected king of Poland. The following year Charles IX died and Henri succeeded as King Henri III.
In 1589 King Henri III died and was succeeded by his distant cousin Henri III, King of Navarre, as King Henri IV.
In 1420 the Treaty of Troyes was signed, affirming that the heir apparent of King Charles VI was King Henry V of England. Two years later Charles died and Henry succeeded (but not without opposition).
Pérégrinité is a theory when it comes to the French succession. Every time it has been put to the test it has been shown not to count.
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