But this describes almost everybody (even the Grimaldis of Monaco have remote ties to the medieval kings of England). In the final analysis, it's not ancestry which makes one royal: it's sovereignty. Questionable origins (which characterizes almost all dynasties) aside, the house of Zogu was once enthroned in Albania.

Nevertheless, it's interesting to trace the relationships amongst the living royals today. That's why I asked about Prince Hans Adam II of Liechtenstein, and the omission in the book about Queen Isabel I of Castile.

As somebody posted some time ago, the only European royals not descended from Ferdinand and Isabella are the Montenegrins, even though the famous power couple of Spain may not necessarily be the nearest common ancestors to everybody else.

And I was wondering about the only European royals not descended from King James VI/I of Scotland and England. It's probably correct to assert that the list is comprised of the Montenegrins, the Albanians, and the Monténegrins.