Pfalz. Pfalz-Zweibruken, Pf.Zweibruvken-Birkenfeld, Pfalz-Simmern, Pfalz-Neuburg, Pfalz-Sulzbach, Bavaria-Landshut, Bavaria-Straubing, Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Munich, not to mentione the 2 morganauts Loewnstein branches.
Each member of the family really ruled its principality/dukedom.
With the dukes IN Bavaria, AFAIK, the title was strictly honorific w/o any land to rule.
What was the reason for the creation of this title replacing the former Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen ?
Kings Max I Josef, Ludwig I, Max II, Ludwig III had several younger sons and neither created any special title for them ...
Thanks for all the replies, I now understand that the issue is a civil one and not a dynastic one, and that he uses “Duke in Bavaria” as a name not a title. It is just confusing when the Royal House website refers to him as Duke Max in Bavaria as then it appears to be a title rather than a name.
The GHdA, the Bavarian Handbuch and Allemagne Dynastique are quite clear he -does not- have a Duke in Bavaria title. It is a -name- he acquired civilly.
Teschen comparison is irrelevant as there was a monarchical structure at that time which could confer / validate titles.
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