From Wikipedia: "On 1 February 1908, Luís Filipe and his family were returning to Lisbon from Vila Viçosa Palace. Alfredo Luís da Costa and Manuel Buiça, two members of a revolutionary society called the Carbonária, shot at all the royal family, hitting his father King Carlos, Luís Filipe, and his younger brother Infante Manuel, Duke of Beja. Carlos I died immediately, while Luís Filipe lived for another twenty minutes. Manuel survived the attack, having only been shot in the arm, while the queen was unharmed. Had automatic ascension to the throne been the law, Luís Filipe would have been one of the shortest-reigning monarchs in history, with a reign of just twenty minutes."
This started as a thread on short Regencies and slipped to short reigns.
The shortest "reign" should have been that of Crown-Prince Luis Felipe of Portugal.
He survived his father D.Carlos for a brief moment and is sometimes descibed as King D.Luis II.
In Portugal, though, a King had to be acclaimed in Parliament, which of course he wasn't.
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