Yes, he was Fernando (Maria) de Baviera y Borbon, styled HRH Infante don Fernando (Maria) de Baviera (Prince of Bavaria). The Bavarian title was sometimes mentioned, sometimes omitted.
See the RD creating him Infante of Spain
https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1905/295/A00277-00277.pdf
What were his full names and titles in Spain, then? He moved to his wife's native country and settled there permanently after marriage, and was accorded the title Infante by grace. Surely he would have had two titles and surnames, would he not?
Translating titles across languages is a tricky business; so is respecting different systems of names and titles.
The term PRINCE means different things in different contexts (I know, for instance, that it has two translations in German). As you say, in Spain only the heir has that title; but in other kingdoms, other cadet members of royal families were also styled thus.
One presumes that the Spaniards held no illusion about Ferdinand's status as heir to the Bavarian throne, since he was so far down in the line of succession that he stood virtually no chance in the world of ever becoming king.
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