that. However it does not negate the fact that Nicholas II abdicated his throne. Michael was never the Tsar. Not relevant to the question.
He abdicated in favour of his brother Michael.
But he did not accept the burdeon.
Different from Wilhem II and all the german sovereign sovereigns.
Nicholas II also formally abdicated - for himself and his son, Alexei
It may depend of several circumstances.
F.i. if the monarch signs his abdication, it ceases from then - Kaiser Wilhelm II.
If he is forced into exile, or is deposed, imprisoned (Nicholas II; Louis XVI) without formally abdicating, his reign will cease when the new regime takes power.
As to Umberto II, his reign ended from the moment he accepted the dubious result of the referendum.
When a monarchy is abolished when does the reign of the monarch cease? I have Italy in mind here and wonder when the reign of Umberto II technically ended. That of Constantine of Greece as well?
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