F.i. if the monarch signs his abdication, it ceases from then - Kaiser Wilhelm II.
If he is forced into exile, or is deposed, imprisoned (Nicholas II; Louis XVI) without formally abdicating, his reign will cease when the new regime takes power.
As to Umberto II, his reign ended from the moment he accepted the dubious result of the referendum.
When a monarchy is abolished when does the reign of the monarch cease? I have Italy in mind here and wonder when the reign of Umberto II technically ended. That of Constantine of Greece as well?
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