Posted by article repost - Part 1 on 4/6/2007, 2:44 pm Hip dysplasia is a very common disease in dogs that is characteristic of several breeds, especially dogs of medium and large size. It is described as the deviation of the joint surfaces of the femur head with an acetabular cavity resulting in dislocation or arthritis. True dysplasia is distinguished by hereditary causes, the development of which in addition to genetic factors is influenced by excessively rapid growth rate of puppies, excessive standards and considerable physical stress or injuries; and secondary hip dysplasia is associated with a disruption of the formation of the proximal part of the femur as a result of the same above-listed non-hereditary factors or as a result of deviations in development of the last lumbar or first sacral vertebrae. The hereditary nature of true hip dysplasia is obvious; it is confirmed by numerous statistical analyses and by more or less successful breeding programs achieved with purebred dogs in various countries. There are different theories about the hereditary nature of hip dysplasia, each of which considers the given disease as a quantitative symptom created by the action of many genes (of additive and/or non-additive effect) and is therefore different in the degree of its manifestation. Generally, researchers agree that hip dysplasia should be assessed as the integration of the effect of endogenous and exogenous factors, but that hereditary predisposition plays the major role and it determines abnormal development of bone and cartilage tissues. At present, there are various systems of diagnostics of hip dysplasia based on x-ray analyses, one of which is widely recognized and is used in many countries. The most commonly recommended method of control of hip dysplasia in dogs is the selection of parents, excluding dogs with severe and medium forms of the disease diagnosed by x-ray photography. In this approach to selection, the position of the femur head deep in the acetabular cavity is considered as a norm. However, even breeding of dogs with joints with a deep position in the cavity leads increasingly to the appearance of individuals with “closed” joints and with restricted locomotion, which is a warning sign of deviation from the norm. Hip dysplasia may be treated, in light cases, by using cartilage protectors, anabolic steroids, some homeopathic and anti-inflammatory drugs and, in severe cases, by surgery, ( relieving the joints by myotomy [cutting the pectinious muscle], and prosthetics on femur and pelvic bones). Only a few exceptions can be made from this model. The often recorded correlation of hip dysplasia with the anatomical conformation trait, the straight position of the femur. Controversial data about hypertrophy and hypotrophy of the pectinious muscle recorded in cases of dysplasia. The open question about secondary or primary causes of weak muscles of the pelvis in association with dysplasia. In the course of research in 2001 by Dr. I. M. Zabolotnaya, A. V. Shavrin, M. E. Obukhova and N. G. Shestakova and the author on the comparative and functional anatomy of dogs of different breeds at the Department of Anatomy of K. I. Skryabin’s State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, facts were revealed that gave reason to doubt the correctness of the interpretation of the causes of hip dysplasia and the conventional methods of its control. In particular, from December 2005 to March 2006 we investigated the corpses of an eleven-year- old male of Central Asian Ovcharka of aboriginal origin, a four-year-old male of steppe wolf killed in the south of Voronezh Province and two forest wolves killed in the north of Rostov Province. All these animals had anatomically ideal femur/ acetabulum joints; in all cases femoral heads did not enter acetabulum deeper then the radius of the femoral head. The morphological and functional analysis of the femur/acetabulum joints of the wolves and Central Asian Ovcharka showed the following: con't in part 2 [Warren]
216.249.9.25
A NEW LOOK AT THE PROBLEM OF HIP DYSPLASIA IN DOGS
By A. N. Vlasenko
Thus, we can see that the problem of the occurrence and development of hip dysplasia, the means of controlling its spread and the methods of its treatment are focused are considered exclusively through the prism of evaluating the condition of the femur/pelvis joints.
The experiment by Swedish scientists who discovered the influence of female sex hormones on the development of hip dysplasia by administering hormones to pregnant b###hes and to their puppies with food during the first months of life.
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