Minors don't act as head of state they are usually represented by a regent.
the Dutch Queen Wihlemina always counted her reign from 1898 the moment she was invested. Otherwise she would have had her golden jubilee in 1940 instead of 1948 and it would have been in november of 1940 (yes several months into German occupied Netherlands) instead of august/september 1948. Wilhelmina's birthday was august 31st so she turned 18 at august 31st 1898 and was invested on september 6th.
This way of counting would make the actual reign of Louis XIV shorter but he did not really reign for all those years himself. His mother was regent for a certain period and both he and his mother were very much under the control of Cardinal Mazarin during his minority and start of his personal reign.
King Christian IV may have been only a minor; but his reign technically began when he ascended the throne. After all, the reigns of other European monarchs who succeeded as minors are always dated from their accessions -- not their actual enthronements.
So one must be consistent, and calculate his reign as lasting 60 years -- just as the reign of the famous Sun King Louis XIV of France is calculated as 72 years. That of his successor (King Louis XV) is calculated as 59 years; Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands reigned for 58 years; Mary, Queen of Scots reigned for (nearly) 45 years, etc.
With 18,811 days on the throne, Queen Margrethe has today become the longest reigning monarch in Danish history. She beats the old record held by Christian IV (1577-1648), counting from the time of his coronation on 29 August 1596. Actually he inherited the throne as a minor already in 1588, but a regency governed the country until he was old enough to take over in 1596. Yesterday, Queen Margrethe celebrated the milestone with a private dinner at Koldinghus Castle, which was partly built by - Christian IV. His portrtait hangs in the banqueting hall, and Queen Margrethe must have been sitting right in front of it.
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